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NECO Music Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

By February 18, 2026 NECO Syllabus 2026 0 Comments

The NECO Music Syllabus 2026/2027 focuses on developing foundational skills in music theory, notation, African traditional music, and Western classical music history. It includes intervals, triads, melodic/harmonic analysis, and performance skills. Key topics cover Nigerian folk songs, musical instruments, and basic composition.

The NECO Music syllabus is talking about foundational theoretical, historical, and practical knowledge, covering musical theory (intervals, triads, notation), Nigerian traditional music (folksongs, dances), Western music history (Baroque, Classical, Romantic), and basic composition. It typically includes both written (objective/theory) and practical (performance/aural) exams.

Scheme Of Examination

Paper 1: Multiple-Choice Objective Test


Paper 1 consists of 40 multiple-choice questions that should be answered in 1 hour; this paper is worth 40 marks in total. The questions set will cover the entire syllabus and will be testing your general knowledge of music. Each question is worth one mark.


Paper 2: Essay Test


Paper 2 is a 2-hour test with five questions, you only need to answer three questions from the five.

Question 1 (Theory/Composition) and Question 2 (Analysis of Prescribed Set-Works) are compulsory. The remaining three questions will test different areas, and you can choose one to answer. This section is worth 60 marks.


Paper 3A: Aural Test


Paper 3A is a 45-minute listening test where you will be asked to identify various musical elements by ear, such as pitch, rhythm, intervals, and chords. This section is worth 50 marks.


Paper 3B: Performance Test

Paper 3B is a 30-minute performance test, where you’ll perform on an instrument of your choice. It could be voice, violin, piano, flute, trumpet, saxophone, or others. The test will assess your skills in sight-reading, technical exercises, scales, and appoggiatura. The total mark for this section is 50 marks. You’ll be judged on your technique, accuracy, and musical expression.

NECO Music Syllabus 2026/2027


MUSIC
SNTOPICSOBJECTIVES
1THEORY AND COMPOSITION 
ARudiments of Music(a) Notation
(i) Staff
(ii) Clefs (C, G, and F)

(b) Scales: (Western)
(i) Diatonic – Major and Minor (natural, harmonic and melodic)
(ii) Chromatic – (melodic only)

(c) Modes: (African)
(i) Pentatonic (5-tone)
(ii) Hexatonic (6-tone)
(iii)Heptatonic (7-tone)

(d) Keys and Key Signatures
(e) Time Signatures: Simple and Compound
(f) Intervals
(g) Transcription (Staff notation into Solfa and vice versa)
(h) Transposition, including writing for transposing instruments
(i) Musical terms, signs, ornaments and abbreviations
BElementary Harmony(a) Chords/Triads
(i) Primary – I/i, IV/iv, V and their inversions
(ii) Secondary – ii, iii, vi and their inversions
(iii) Chord vii˚ and its inversions
(iv) 7th Chords (dominant 7th only) and its inversions

(b) Chord Progressions Cadences (in both major and minor keys)
(i) Perfect (V – I);
(ii) Plagal (IV – I)
(iii) Interrupted (V–vi)
(iv) Imperfect (I–V), (ii – V), (iii – V), (IV – V)

(c) Use of primary and secondary triads in harmonising a given melody
(i) Use of six-four chords (cadential and passing only)
(ii) The use of non-harmonic tones; Passing (accented and unaccented)
Auxiliary or Neighbouring tones Anticipation

(d) Modulations from the home key to its closely related keys only
(i) Dominant
(ii) Subdominant
(iii) Relative major and minor

(e) Four-part harmony (SATB).

(f) Two-part free Counterpoint (adding a part above or below a given
melody).
CComposition(a) Continuing a given melodic phrase in either a major or minor key to
form a melody of not less than 12 bars and not more than 16 bars in all.
Candidates may be required to modulate to at least one specified related
key.(b) Setting a given text in English to music.
DForm and Analysis(a) Simple forms e.g. binary, ternary, rondo, etc.(b) Extended forms e.g. overture, oratorio, opera, cantata, suite, sonata,
symphony, concerto, etc.(c) Form in traditional African music, e.g. the various forms of antiphony
(Call and Response, Cantor/Chorus, Call and Refrain), Repetitive (Cyclic)
forms, etc.(d) Form in contemporary African art music – with emphasis on
compositional techniques, e.g. use of melody, rhythm, harmony,
instrumentation, through-composed pieces, etc.
EPrepared set-works as recommended for each yearThe set-works listed below (Western or African) are to be chosen by the
candidate, as recommended, for each year. This will be studied for a
compulsory question in Paper 2.
2AURAL TESTS (PAPER 3A)Candidates will be required to write all seven tests. The Aural Tests will be
administered by means of a CD/cassette,a copy of which will be sent to
each examination centre on the day of the examination
ARhythmic DictationA melody not exceeding 4 bars will be played four times. Candidates will be
required to write the rhythm on a monotone. Before playing the passage,
the examiner will give the time signature and indicate the speed at which
the pulse of the music moves. The passage may be in either simple or
compound time.
(8 marks)
BMelody WritingCandidates will be required to write from dictation a short melodic passage
not exceeding 4 bars and which may contain elements of African Music.

Before playing the passage, the examiner will indicate the speed at which
the pulse of the music moves. The passage may be in either simple or
compound time.

The piece, which may be modal or in a major or minor key, will normally
begin on the first beat of a bar. If the music is in a major or minor key, the
key will be named and tonic chord sounded, followed by the key note. If in
a mode, the tonal centre and the mode will be played.

The pulse will be given and the melody will first be played in its entirety.
It will then be played twice in sections at short intervals of time and finally
it will be repeated in its entirety. (8 marks)
CWriting the Upper or Lower Part of a Two-Part PhraseA two-part phrase in a major or minor key not exceeding four bars will be
played.
The candidates will be required to write out either the upper or the lower
part in full. The key and time-signature will be given and the tonic chord
sounded.
The passage will be played four time. The passage may be in either simple
or time.
(8 marks)
DChordsA passage in a named key containing not more than eight chords will be
played.
The candidate will be required to identify chords employed in the
progression by using the Roman numerals e.g. Ic, V, vib, etc. or a technical
description of each chord, e.g. dominant, first inversion; sub-dominant,
root position etc.
The passage will be played four (4) times at a reasonably slow pace. The
key will be given and the tonic chord sounded before the passage is played
through.
(8 marks)
ECadencesCandidates will be required to recognize and name any of the following
cadences (perfect, imperfect, interrupted or plagal) occurring in a musical
example in a major key.
After the tonic chord has been sounded, the whole musical sentence
will be played through 3 times with due deliberation at short intervals. Only
four examples will be given which may not necessarily have to be different.
FModulationsCandidates will be required to recognize and name simple changes of key.
Four examples will be given, each starting from the same tonic key and
containing one modulation only.

Modulations will be limited to the dominant, subdominant, and relative
major or minor keys. After the key has been named and the tonic chord
sounded, each of the four examples will be played through three times. The
test will not necessarily contain examples of modulations to four different
keys: the same key-change may re-occur.
(6 marks)
GIdentification/Description of ThemesCandidates will be required to identify or describe the characteristics of
three themes or excerpts taken from selected pieces, at least one of which
will be African. Each theme/excerpt will be played three times. Before each
passage is played, the Examiner will tell candidates exactly what they are
expected to do.
Questions will be limited to the form, style or genre of excerpt played,
principal instrument(s) playing, scale or mode employed and meter.
(6 marks)
3Performance Test 
APerformanceEvery candidate will offer an instrument or voice for a practical
examination.

Sight-reading will form part of the examination for the performance test.
A list of set-works for the practical examinations is annexed as Appendix.
Only works from that list may be selected for the performance test.

Information on Set pieces will be available at any of NECO’s Offices across
the country.

Musical Instruments
The current approved instruments for Performance Tests are:
(i) Voice (Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Baritone/Bass)
(ii) Pianoforte/electronic keyboard
(iii) Violin
(iv) Selected wind instruments: Recorder (descant and treble), atenteben,
flute, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet, trombone, euphonium and tuba.
 NOTES ON THE CONDUCT OF PERFORMANCE TEST
 For Test Centres/Supervisors(a) The exact dates of performance tests at individual centres can be
arranged only after the entries are completed.

(b) There may be one or more examiners at the option of the West
African Examinations Council. No other person will normally be allowed
in the room with the candidates (except an accompanist) during the
examination.

(c) The normal time for the performance test will be about 30 minutes
per candidate. However, examiners may, at their discretion, take less time
over examination of individual candidate.

(d) Schools and Centres at whose premises performance tests are held
must provide a quiet, well-lit room, a well-tuned pianoforte/electronic
keyboard, a writing table and chair for the Examiner, and someone to act as
a steward outside the examination room.
 For Candidates(a) Performing or playing from memory is optional. But, candidates
performing from memory must bring copies for the Examiner’s use.(b) A technical exercise or study as stipulated on a list of set works will
be performed from memory.(c) The Examiner may, at his/her discretion, stop the performance of
any piece when he/she has heard enough to assess the candidate.(d) Candidates must perform pieces from the approved list only, using
the instrument for which the pieces were written.(e) A candidate should provide his/her own accompanist (if needed)
who may remain in the room only while actually engaged in the
accompanying.
The candidate’s teacher may also be the accompanist but the Examiner will
not.
However, in lieu of an accompanist, a soundtrack of the accompaniment is
allowed.(f) Each candidate is to provide music stand (if required).(g) Two sight-reading tests will be given. The tests may be in either
simple or compound time.
4HISTORY AND LITERATUREGeneral historical backgrounds, works and contributions made by
composers as outlined below. Only a general (non-specialist) knowledge of
the composers, periods, works and forms will be expected.
ATraditional Musicians/Composers(a) Nigeria
Ezigbo Obiligbo, Dan Maraya, Haruna Ishola, Ayinla Omowura,
Dauda Epo Akara, Odolaye Aremu, Ogundare Foyanmu,
Hubert Ogunde, Israel Nwoba, Mamman Shata, etc.
BPopular Musician(i) Highlife: Victor Olaiya, Celestine Ukwu, Inyang Henshaw,
Zeal Onyia, Victor Uwaifo, Nico Mbarga, Roy Chicago, Rex Jim Lawson,
Bobby Benson, Stephen Osita Osadebe, Eddie Okonta,
Adeolu Akinsanya(ii) Afrobeat : Fela Anikulapo Kuti, Femi Kuti, Orlando Julius Ekemode.
(iii) Juju : I. K. Dairo, Fatai Rolling Dollar, Ebenezer Obey, Sunny Ade,
Prince Adekunle, Segun Adewale, Dele Abiodun, Shina Peters.(iv) Fuji : Sikiru Ayinde Barrister, Ayinla Kollington, Rasheed Ayinde,
Wasiu Ayinde Marshal, Abass Obesere, Wasiu Alabi Pasuma,
Saheed Osupa.(v) Waka : Batile Alake, Kuburatu Alaragbo, Salawa Abeni(vi) Afro-Pop: Onyeka Onwenu, Christy Essien Igbokwe, Sonny Okosuns,
Mike Okri, Chris Okotie, Bisade Ologunde (Lagbaja) Zaki Adze.(vii) Afro-Reggae : Terra Kota, Majek Fashek, Ras Kimono,
Victor Essiet, Evi Edna-Ogholi(viii) Hip-Hop : Tuface Idibia, Dbanj, P-Square, Paul Dairo, 9ice,
Wande Coal, Terry Gee, Davido, etc
CContemporary Art MusiciansT. K. E. Phillips, Fela Sowande, Ayo Bankole, W.W.C. Echezona,
Adam Fiberesima, Dayo Dedeke, Akin Euba, Sam Akpabot,
Ikoli Harcourt-Whyte,
Laz Ekwueme, Okechukwu Ndubuisi, Sam Ojukwu, Bode Omojola,
Ayo Oluranti, Debo Akinwunmi, Christian Onyeji, Richard Okafor .
DWestern ComposerMedieval ca. 450 – 1400
Guillaume de Machaut, Johannes Ockeghem, Jacob Obrecht
Renaissance ca. 1400 – 1600
Guillaume Dufay, Thomas Tallis, John Cooke, John Tudor,
Josquin des Prez, Orlando di Lasso, John Dowland, Orlando Gibbons,
William Byrd, John Dunstable Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina,(c) Baroque ca. 1600 – 1750
Claudio Monterverdi, Antonio Vivaldi, Archangelo Corelli, Henry
Purcell Johannes Sebastian Bach, George Frederick Handel, , Domenico
Scarlatti.(d) Classical ca. 1750 -1820
Willibald Gluck, Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
Jan Ladislav Dussek, Muzio Clementi, C.P.E. Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven.
Franz Haydn(e) Romantic ca. 1820 – 1900
Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Clara Schumann,
Felix Mendelssohn,
Fredrick Chopin, Franz Lizst, Johannes Brahms, Hector Berlioz,
Richard Wagner, Antonn Dvorak, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel,
Johannes Strauss, P. I. Tchaikovsky
The Russian Five (Modeste Mussorgsky, Balakirev, Cezar Cui,
Alex Borodin and Rimsky Korsakov)(f) 20th century ca. 1900 – 2000
Bela Bartok, Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, Paul Hindemith,
Aaron Copland, Hector Villa-Lobos, Saint Saens,E Black Music in the Diaspora
Scott Joplin, Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Louis Armstrong,
Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Dizzie Gillespie, John Coletraine,
Aretha Franklin, Miles Davies ,James Brown, Diana Ross, Lord Kitchener,
Mighty Sparrow, Jimmy Cliff, Bob Marley, Michael Jackson,
Hugh Masakela, Mariam Makeba, and such forms as Spiritual, Jazz, Blues,
Rock, Gospel, Soul, Calypso, Reggae and Afrobeat
5TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN
MUSIC		 
AThe Role of Music in Traditional African Society 
BMusical Instrument(i) Names and description
(ii) Classification
(iii) Function (musical and non-musical)
CGeneral Characteristics(i) Scales/Modes
(ii) Rhythm (metrical and non-metrical, cross-rhythm, hemiola,
syncopation, polyrhythm)
(iii) Polyphony
(iv) Form (antiphony, strophic, through-composed etc.)
(v) Vocal styles (recitative, yodelling, ululation, holler, nasalization)
(vi) Texture (monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic)
(vii) Instrumentation
DCategories and Type(i) Dirges
(ii) Cradle songs; Lullabies
(iii) Ritual songs
(iv) Folk songs
(v) Satirical songs
(vi) Other types of traditional vocal genres
ERelationship of music to other arts e.g. dance, drama,
festival etc.		 

NECO Music Textbooks 2026/2027

  • . ABRSM Rudiments and Theory of Music, 1958 
  • 2.Akpabot Foundations of Traditional Music, Ibadan Spectrum Books, 1986 
  • 3. Amuah, I.R. et al Music and Dance for Colleges of Education, KRAMAD.
  • 4. Amuah J. A. Theory of Music, The Simplest Approach 2008.
  • 5. Kafui, Kenneth Avotri:Kafui’s Rudiments and Keyboard pieces for the beginner, 1981.Six Easy African Piano Pieces, 1977.
  • 6. Kamien Roger: Music – An Appreciation, New York, McGraw Hill Book Company, 2008
  • 7. Machlis, Joseph:The enjoyment of Music. New York, W. W. Norton and Co, Inc., 1958
  • 8. Mensah, I. T.: Understanding Music, Books 1-3. Otuamic Publications
  • 9. Robert Manford et al Music for senior Secondary Schools, H. Gangaram, Bombay, 1990
  • 10. Warburton, Annie: Analysis of Musical Classics, Longman, 1967.
  • 11. Harmony –A textbook for class use, on aural foundation Longman                    
  • 12. Melody Writing and Analysis – Longman.
  • 13. Score Reading, Form, and History – Longman.

NECO Government Syllabus 2026/2027 & Textbooks

The NECO Government Syllabus 2026/2027 & : on fundamental political concepts, constitutional development, and the machinery of government, with a strong emphasis on Nigerian and West African political systems. Key topics include democracy, rule of law, citizenship, and the three branches of government.

The NECO Government syllabus for SSCE (internal/external) covers fundamental political concepts, the machinery of government, and the political evolution of Nigeria from pre-colonial times to the present. Key topics include citizenship, constitutions, types of government, political parties, public administration, and Nigeria’s foreign policy.

The NECO Government Syllabus aims to equip students with a comprehensive understanding of political structures, governance processes, and principles of democracy, specifically focusing on Nigeria and West Africa. It prepares candidates for higher education by fostering critical analysis of constitutional developments, electoral systems, and international relations.

Examination Scheme

Paper 1

In Paper 1, you will be given fifty multiple-choice questions that cover the entire syllabus. Don’t worry; it won’t be difficult if you’ve judiciously covered the syllabus. You will have 1 hour to answer all the questions, and each correct answer earns you 0.8 marks. That’s a total of 40 marks up for grabs.

Paper 2

Paper 2 is an essay-type test. This one’s a bit longer, you will have 2 hours to answer two sections:

Section A: Elements of Government

Here, you’ll find five questions waiting for you. But don’t stress, you only need to answer two of them. Pick the ones you feel most confident about and go right in. Each question carries 12 marks.

Section B: Political and Constitutional Developments in West Africa and International Relations

The questions in this section are about the political and constitutional landscape in West Africa and beyond. You will have sets of five questions for each member country, and you’ll pick one set based on your exam location. From there, choose two questions to answer, each question is worth 15 marks. That’s 60 marks in total up for grabs in this section.

NECO Government Syllabus 2026/2027

Government
TOPICSOBJECTIVES
MEANING AND SCOPE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER
– GOVERNMENT		1.1 Government as an institution of the state Definition of state,features,
structure and functions.
1.2 Government as a process or art or governing.
1.3 Government as an academic field of study – reasons for
studying government
BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT2.1 Basic concepts – State, Society, *Nation, Power, Authority,Legitimacy,
Sovereignty, Democracy, Political Culture and Socialization, Communalism,
Feudalism and oligarchy, *Liberalism, Socialism, Communism, Capitalism,
Fascism, Aristocracy, Totalitarianism. Meaning and features
2.2 Basic principles – Rule of Law, Fundamental Human Rights,
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances, Constitutionalism,
Political participation, Representative Government,
Centralization and Decentralization – (Delegated Legislation,
Devolution and Decentralization)
CONSTITUTIONS3.1 Definition and Sources
3.2 Functions
3.3 Types and Features, (Written and Unwritten, Rigid and
Flexible)
ORGANS OF GOVERNMENTThe Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary – Judicial
Independence. (Types, Structure, Composition/membership;
Functions; powers and limitations).
STATE STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOVERNMENT		5.1 Types – Unitary, Federal, Confederal, Presidential or
Non-parliamentary, Parliamentary or Cabinet, Monarchical and
Republican. Meaning, types, features, merits and demerits.
CITIZENSHIPMeaning, mode of acquisition, rights, duties and obligations of
individuals in the state. Means of safeguarding rights of citizens.
POLITICAL PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS7.1 Political Parties – definition, organization/structure, and
functions
7.2 Party Systems – definition, types, merits and demerits
PRESSURE GROUPS, PUBLIC OPINION AND MASS
MEDIA		8.1 Pressure Groups – definition, types, mode of operation and
functions
8.2 Public opinion – definition, formation, Measurement and
importance
8.3 Mass Media – definition, roles and impact
THE ELECTORAL SYSTEMS, PROCESSES AND
ELECTORAL MANAGEMENT BODY		9.1 Electoral Systems and Processes
(i) Election- Meaning and purpose of elections
(ii) Franchise – meaning, and limitations
(iii) Types, advantages and disadvantages of Electoral Systems
9.2 Electoral Management Body – definition, function,
problems/constraints
PUBLIC/CIVIL SERVICE ADMINISTRATION10.1 Public/Civil Service – Meaning, Structure, Characteristics and
Functions
10.2 Public/Civil Service Commission –meaning and Functions
10.3 Public Corporations – definition, purposes, functions, control,
challenges, need for commercialization and privatization
10.4 Local Governments – Meaning, structure, Purposes, Functions,
Sources of revenue, control and problems
PRE-COLONIAL POLITICAL SYSTEM OF CANDIDATES’
RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES		The Structural Organization of the following:
11.1 Nigeria – Hausa/Fulani, the Yoruba and the Igbo
11.2 Ghana – The Akan and the Talensi
11.3 Sierra Leone – The Mende and Temme
11.4 The Gambia – The Wolof, Mandingo and Jola
11.5 Liberia – The Vai and the Kru
COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION12.1 The Policy and Structure of the British Colonial Administration
– Crown Colony, Protectorate and Indirect Rule
12.2 The Policy of French Colonial Administration – Assimilation and
Association (Loi Cadre)
12.3 Impact, Advantages and disadvantages of Colonial Rule
NATIONALISM IN CANDIDATES’ RESPECTIVE
COUNTRIES		13.1 Nationalism: Meaning, factors and effects
13.2 Key Nationalist leaders/movements and their contributions
CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CANDIDATES’
RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES		14.1 Pre-Independence Constitutions –
(a) Nigeria (features)
(b) Ghana (features, merits and demerits)
(c) Sierra Leone (features, merits and demerits)
(d) The Gambia (features, merits and demerits)
14.2 Post-Independence Constitutions – Features
(a) Nigeria
(b) Ghana
(c) Sierra Leone
(d) The Gambia
(e) Liberia
DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE
CANDIDATES’ RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES		– Nigeria
– Sierra Leone
– The Gambia
– Liberia Formation
Objectives, Sources of Finance, Achievements and Failures
MILITARY RULE IN THE CANDIDATES’ RESPECTIVE
COUNTRIES		– Nigeria
– Ghana;
– Sierra Leone
– The Gambia
– Liberia
Causes, effects and various military regimes
FEDERAL/UNITARY SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT IN
WEST AFRICA		– Nigeria
– Sierra Leone
– The Gambia
– Liberia
Origin, Factors, Structure, Features and Problems
FOREIGN POLICIES OF THE CANDIDATES’
RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES		– Nigeria
– Ghana
– Sierra Leone
– The Gambia
– Liberia
Definitions, Factors, objectives, advantages and disadvantages
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSThe United Nations Organizations (UNO),
The Commonwealth of Nations,
African Union (AU) – NEPAD,
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
Origin, aims/objectives, achievements and problems.
Government
TOPICSOBJECTIVES
MEANING AND SCOPE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER
– GOVERNMENT		1.1 Government as an institution of the state Definition of state,features,
structure and functions.
1.2 Government as a process or art or governing.
1.3 Government as an academic field of study – reasons for
studying government
BASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT2.1 Basic concepts – State, Society, *Nation, Power, Authority,Legitimacy,
Sovereignty, Democracy, Political Culture and Socialization, Communalism,
Feudalism and oligarchy, *Liberalism, Socialism, Communism, Capitalism,
Fascism, Aristocracy, Totalitarianism. Meaning and features
2.2 Basic principles – Rule of Law, Fundamental Human Rights,
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances, Constitutionalism,
Political participation, Representative Government,
Centralization and Decentralization – (Delegated Legislation,
Devolution and Decentralization)
CONSTITUTIONS3.1 Definition and Sources
3.2 Functions
3.3 Types and Features, (Written and Unwritten, Rigid and
Flexible)
ORGANS OF GOVERNMENTThe Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary – Judicial
Independence. (Types, Structure, Composition/membership;
Functions; powers and limitations).
STATE STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOVERNMENT		5.1 Types – Unitary, Federal, Confederal, Presidential or
Non-parliamentary, Parliamentary or Cabinet, Monarchical and
Republican. Meaning, types, features, merits and demerits.
CITIZENSHIPMeaning, mode of acquisition, rights, duties and obligations of
individuals in the state. Means of safeguarding rights of citizens.
POLITICAL PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS7.1 Political Parties – definition, organization/structure, and
functions
7.2 Party Systems – definition, types, merits and demerits
PRESSURE GROUPS, PUBLIC OPINION AND MASS
MEDIA		8.1 Pressure Groups – definition, types, mode of operation and
functions
8.2 Public opinion – definition, formation, Measurement and
importance
8.3 Mass Media – definition, roles and impact
THE ELECTORAL SYSTEMS, PROCESSES AND
ELECTORAL MANAGEMENT BODY		9.1 Electoral Systems and Processes
(i) Election- Meaning and purpose of elections
(ii) Franchise – meaning, and limitations
(iii) Types, advantages and disadvantages of Electoral Systems
9.2 Electoral Management Body – definition, function,
problems/constraints
PUBLIC/CIVIL SERVICE ADMINISTRATION10.1 Public/Civil Service – Meaning, Structure, Characteristics and
Functions
10.2 Public/Civil Service Commission –meaning and Functions
10.3 Public Corporations – definition, purposes, functions, control,
challenges, need for commercialization and privatization
10.4 Local Governments – Meaning, structure, Purposes, Functions,
Sources of revenue, control and problems
PRE-COLONIAL POLITICAL SYSTEM OF CANDIDATES’
RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES		The Structural Organization of the following:
11.1 Nigeria – Hausa/Fulani, the Yoruba and the Igbo
11.2 Ghana – The Akan and the Talensi
11.3 Sierra Leone – The Mende and Temme
11.4 The Gambia – The Wolof, Mandingo and Jola
11.5 Liberia – The Vai and the Kru
COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION12.1 The Policy and Structure of the British Colonial Administration
– Crown Colony, Protectorate and Indirect Rule
12.2 The Policy of French Colonial Administration – Assimilation and
Association (Loi Cadre)
12.3 Impact, Advantages and disadvantages of Colonial Rule
NATIONALISM IN CANDIDATES’ RESPECTIVE
COUNTRIES		13.1 Nationalism: Meaning, factors and effects
13.2 Key Nationalist leaders/movements and their contributions
CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CANDIDATES’
RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES		14.1 Pre-Independence Constitutions –
(a) Nigeria (features)
(b) Ghana (features, merits and demerits)
(c) Sierra Leone (features, merits and demerits)
(d) The Gambia (features, merits and demerits)
14.2 Post-Independence Constitutions – Features
(a) Nigeria
(b) Ghana
(c) Sierra Leone
(d) The Gambia
(e) Liberia
DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE
CANDIDATES’ RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES		– Nigeria
– Sierra Leone
– The Gambia
– Liberia Formation
Objectives, Sources of Finance, Achievements and Failures
MILITARY RULE IN THE CANDIDATES’ RESPECTIVE
COUNTRIES		– Nigeria
– Ghana;
– Sierra Leone
– The Gambia
– Liberia
Causes, effects and various military regimes
FEDERAL/UNITARY SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT IN
WEST AFRICA		– Nigeria
– Sierra Leone
– The Gambia
– Liberia
Origin, Factors, Structure, Features and Problems
FOREIGN POLICIES OF THE CANDIDATES’
RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES		– Nigeria
– Ghana
– Sierra Leone
– The Gambia
– Liberia
Definitions, Factors, objectives, advantages and disadvantages
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSThe United Nations Organizations (UNO),
The Commonwealth of Nations,
African Union (AU) – NEPAD,
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
Origin, aims/objectives, achievements and problems.

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